Have you ever found interesting videos on YouTube, and…
命令行下载youtube视频, 从YouTube.com和其他视频网站下载视频, python, linux下载youtube (youtube-dl)
从YouTube.com和其他视频网站下载视频的命令行程序 http://ytdl-org.github.io/youtube-dl/
或者直接下载:youtube-dl
安装
要立即为所有UNIX用户(Linux,macOS等)安装它,请键入:
sudo curl -L https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -o /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
如果你没有curl,你也可以使用最近的wget:
sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
Windows用户可以下载一个.exe文件,并将其放置在除了%SYSTEMROOT%\System32
的任何PATH位置上(不要放在C:\Windows\System32
)。
你也可以用pip:
sudo -H pip install --upgrade youtube-dl
如果您已经安装了此命令,则此命令将更新youtube-dl。有关更多信息,请参见pypi页面。
macOS用户可以使用Homebrew安装youtube-dl :
brew install youtube-dl
或者使用MacPorts:
sudo port install youtube-dl
或者,请参阅开发人员有关如何签出和使用git存储库的说明。有关其他选项(包括PGP签名),请参阅youtube-dl下载页面。
描述
youtube-dl是一个命令行程序,用于从YouTube和更多网站下载视频。它需要Python解释器,版本2.6,2.7或3.2+,并且它不是特定于平台的。它应该适用于你的Unix机器,Windows或macOS。它被发布到公共域,这意味着您可以修改它,重新分发它或者随意使用它。
youtube-dl [OPTIONS] URL [URL...]
例如:
# Download best mp4 format available or any other best if no mp4 available $ youtube-dl -f 'bestvideo[ext=mp4]+bestaudio[ext=m4a]/best[ext=mp4]/best' youtube-url # Download best format available but no better than 480p $ youtube-dl -f 'bestvideo[height<=480]+bestaudio/best[height<=480]' youtube-url # Download best video only format but no bigger than 50 MB $ youtube-dl -f 'best[filesize<50M]' youtube-url # Download best format available via direct link over HTTP/HTTPS protocol $ youtube-dl -f '(bestvideo+bestaudio/best)[protocol^=http]' youtube-url # Download the best video format and the best audio format without merging them $ youtube-dl -f 'bestvideo,bestaudio' -o '%(title)s.f%(format_id)s.%(ext)s' youtube-url
OPTIONS
-h, --help Print this help text and exit
--version Print program version and exit
-U, --update Update this program to latest version. Make
sure that you have sufficient permissions
(run with sudo if needed)
-i, --ignore-errors Continue on download errors, for example to
skip unavailable videos in a playlist
--abort-on-error Abort downloading of further videos (in the
playlist or the command line) if an error
occurs
--dump-user-agent Display the current browser identification
--list-extractors List all supported extractors
--extractor-descriptions Output descriptions of all supported
extractors
--force-generic-extractor Force extraction to use the generic
extractor
--default-search PREFIX Use this prefix for unqualified URLs. For
example "gvsearch2:" downloads two videos
from google videos for youtube-dl "large
apple". Use the value "auto" to let
youtube-dl guess ("auto_warning" to emit a
warning when guessing). "error" just throws
an error. The default value "fixup_error"
repairs broken URLs, but emits an error if
this is not possible instead of searching.
--ignore-config Do not read configuration files. When given
in the global configuration file
/etc/youtube-dl.conf: Do not read the user
configuration in ~/.config/youtube-
dl/config (%APPDATA%/youtube-dl/config.txt
on Windows)
--config-location PATH Location of the configuration file; either
the path to the config or its containing
directory.
--flat-playlist Do not extract the videos of a playlist,
only list them.
--mark-watched Mark videos watched (YouTube only)
--no-mark-watched Do not mark videos watched (YouTube only)
--no-color Do not emit color codes in output
网络选项:
--proxy URL Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS/SOCKS proxy.
To enable SOCKS proxy, specify a proper
scheme. For example
socks5://127.0.0.1:1080/. Pass in an empty
string (--proxy "") for direct connection
--socket-timeout SECONDS Time to wait before giving up, in seconds
--source-address IP Client-side IP address to bind to
-4, --force-ipv4 Make all connections via IPv4
-6, --force-ipv6 Make all connections via IPv6
地理限制:
--geo-verification-proxy URL Use this proxy to verify the IP address for
some geo-restricted sites. The default
proxy specified by --proxy (or none, if the
option is not present) is used for the
actual downloading.
--geo-bypass Bypass geographic restriction via faking
X-Forwarded-For HTTP header
--no-geo-bypass Do not bypass geographic restriction via
faking X-Forwarded-For HTTP header
--geo-bypass-country CODE Force bypass geographic restriction with
explicitly provided two-letter ISO 3166-2
country code
--geo-bypass-ip-block IP_BLOCK Force bypass geographic restriction with
explicitly provided IP block in CIDR
notation
视频选择:
--playlist-start NUMBER Playlist video to start at (default is 1)
--playlist-end NUMBER Playlist video to end at (default is last)
--playlist-items ITEM_SPEC Playlist video items to download. Specify
indices of the videos in the playlist
separated by commas like: "--playlist-items
1,2,5,8" if you want to download videos
indexed 1, 2, 5, 8 in the playlist. You can
specify range: "--playlist-items
1-3,7,10-13", it will download the videos
at index 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13.
--match-title REGEX Download only matching titles (regex or
caseless sub-string)
--reject-title REGEX Skip download for matching titles (regex or
caseless sub-string)
--max-downloads NUMBER Abort after downloading NUMBER files
--min-filesize SIZE Do not download any videos smaller than
SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)
--max-filesize SIZE Do not download any videos larger than SIZE
(e.g. 50k or 44.6m)
--date DATE Download only videos uploaded in this date
--datebefore DATE Download only videos uploaded on or before
this date (i.e. inclusive)
--dateafter DATE Download only videos uploaded on or after
this date (i.e. inclusive)
--min-views COUNT Do not download any videos with less than
COUNT views
--max-views COUNT Do not download any videos with more than
COUNT views
--match-filter FILTER Generic video filter. Specify any key (see
the "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for a list of
available keys) to match if the key is
present, !key to check if the key is not
present, key > NUMBER (like "comment_count
> 12", also works with >=, <, <=, !=, =) to
compare against a number, key = 'LITERAL'
(like "uploader = 'Mike Smith'", also works
with !=) to match against a string literal
and & to require multiple matches. Values
which are not known are excluded unless you
put a question mark (?) after the operator.
For example, to only match videos that have
been liked more than 100 times and disliked
less than 50 times (or the dislike
functionality is not available at the given
service), but who also have a description,
use --match-filter "like_count > 100 &
dislike_count <? 50 & description" .
--no-playlist Download only the video, if the URL refers
to a video and a playlist.
--yes-playlist Download the playlist, if the URL refers to
a video and a playlist.
--age-limit YEARS Download only videos suitable for the given
age
--download-archive FILE Download only videos not listed in the
archive file. Record the IDs of all
downloaded videos in it.
--include-ads Download advertisements as well
(experimental)
下载选项:
-r, --limit-rate RATE Maximum download rate in bytes per second
(e.g. 50K or 4.2M)
-R, --retries RETRIES Number of retries (default is 10), or
"infinite".
--fragment-retries RETRIES Number of retries for a fragment (default
is 10), or "infinite" (DASH, hlsnative and
ISM)
--skip-unavailable-fragments Skip unavailable fragments (DASH, hlsnative
and ISM)
--abort-on-unavailable-fragment Abort downloading when some fragment is not
available
--keep-fragments Keep downloaded fragments on disk after
downloading is finished; fragments are
erased by default
--buffer-size SIZE Size of download buffer (e.g. 1024 or 16K)
(default is 1024)
--no-resize-buffer Do not automatically adjust the buffer
size. By default, the buffer size is
automatically resized from an initial value
of SIZE.
--http-chunk-size SIZE Size of a chunk for chunk-based HTTP
downloading (e.g. 10485760 or 10M) (default
is disabled). May be useful for bypassing
bandwidth throttling imposed by a webserver
(experimental)
--playlist-reverse Download playlist videos in reverse order
--playlist-random Download playlist videos in random order
--xattr-set-filesize Set file xattribute ytdl.filesize with
expected file size
--hls-prefer-native Use the native HLS downloader instead of
ffmpeg
--hls-prefer-ffmpeg Use ffmpeg instead of the native HLS
downloader
--hls-use-mpegts Use the mpegts container for HLS videos,
allowing to play the video while
downloading (some players may not be able
to play it)
--external-downloader COMMAND Use the specified external downloader.
Currently supports
aria2c,avconv,axel,curl,ffmpeg,httpie,wget
--external-downloader-args ARGS Give these arguments to the external
downloader
文件系统选项:
-a, --batch-file FILE File containing URLs to download ('-' for
stdin), one URL per line. Lines starting
with '#', ';' or ']' are considered as
comments and ignored.
--id Use only video ID in file name
-o, --output TEMPLATE Output filename template, see the "OUTPUT
TEMPLATE" for all the info
--autonumber-start NUMBER Specify the start value for %(autonumber)s
(default is 1)
--restrict-filenames Restrict filenames to only ASCII
characters, and avoid "&" and spaces in
filenames
-w, --no-overwrites Do not overwrite files
-c, --continue Force resume of partially downloaded files.
By default, youtube-dl will resume
downloads if possible.
--no-continue Do not resume partially downloaded files
(restart from beginning)
--no-part Do not use .part files - write directly
into output file
--no-mtime Do not use the Last-modified header to set
the file modification time
--write-description Write video description to a .description
file
--write-info-json Write video metadata to a .info.json file
--write-annotations Write video annotations to a
.annotations.xml file
--load-info-json FILE JSON file containing the video information
(created with the "--write-info-json"
option)
--cookies FILE File to read cookies from and dump cookie
jar in
--cache-dir DIR Location in the filesystem where youtube-dl
can store some downloaded information
permanently. By default
$XDG_CACHE_HOME/youtube-dl or
~/.cache/youtube-dl . At the moment, only
YouTube player files (for videos with
obfuscated signatures) are cached, but that
may change.
--no-cache-dir Disable filesystem caching
--rm-cache-dir Delete all filesystem cache files
缩略图:
--write-thumbnail Write thumbnail image to disk
--write-all-thumbnails Write all thumbnail image formats to disk
--list-thumbnails Simulate and list all available thumbnail
formats
详细程度/模拟选项:
-q, --quiet Activate quiet mode
--no-warnings Ignore warnings
-s, --simulate Do not download the video and do not write
anything to disk
--skip-download Do not download the video
-g, --get-url Simulate, quiet but print URL
-e, --get-title Simulate, quiet but print title
--get-id Simulate, quiet but print id
--get-thumbnail Simulate, quiet but print thumbnail URL
--get-description Simulate, quiet but print video description
--get-duration Simulate, quiet but print video length
--get-filename Simulate, quiet but print output filename
--get-format Simulate, quiet but print output format
-j, --dump-json Simulate, quiet but print JSON information.
See the "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for a description
of available keys.
-J, --dump-single-json Simulate, quiet but print JSON information
for each command-line argument. If the URL
refers to a playlist, dump the whole
playlist information in a single line.
--print-json Be quiet and print the video information as
JSON (video is still being downloaded).
--newline Output progress bar as new lines
--no-progress Do not print progress bar
--console-title Display progress in console titlebar
-v, --verbose Print various debugging information
--dump-pages Print downloaded pages encoded using base64
to debug problems (very verbose)
--write-pages Write downloaded intermediary pages to
files in the current directory to debug
problems
--print-traffic Display sent and read HTTP traffic
-C, --call-home Contact the youtube-dl server for debugging
--no-call-home Do NOT contact the youtube-dl server for
debugging
解决方法:
--encoding ENCODING Force the specified encoding (experimental)
--no-check-certificate Suppress HTTPS certificate validation
--prefer-insecure Use an unencrypted connection to retrieve
information about the video. (Currently
supported only for YouTube)
--user-agent UA Specify a custom user agent
--referer URL Specify a custom referer, use if the video
access is restricted to one domain
--add-header FIELD:VALUE Specify a custom HTTP header and its value,
separated by a colon ':'. You can use this
option multiple times
--bidi-workaround Work around terminals that lack
bidirectional text support. Requires bidiv
or fribidi executable in PATH
--sleep-interval SECONDS Number of seconds to sleep before each
download when used alone or a lower bound
of a range for randomized sleep before each
download (minimum possible number of
seconds to sleep) when used along with
--max-sleep-interval.
--max-sleep-interval SECONDS Upper bound of a range for randomized sleep
before each download (maximum possible
number of seconds to sleep). Must only be
used along with --min-sleep-interval.
视频格式选项:
-f, --format FORMAT Video format code, see the "FORMAT
SELECTION" for all the info
--all-formats Download all available video formats
--prefer-free-formats Prefer free video formats unless a specific
one is requested
-F, --list-formats List all available formats of requested
videos
--youtube-skip-dash-manifest Do not download the DASH manifests and
related data on YouTube videos
--merge-output-format FORMAT If a merge is required (e.g.
bestvideo+bestaudio), output to given
container format. One of mkv, mp4, ogg,
webm, flv. Ignored if no merge is required
字幕选项:
--write-sub Write subtitle file
--write-auto-sub Write automatically generated subtitle file
(YouTube only)
--all-subs Download all the available subtitles of the
video
--list-subs List all available subtitles for the video
--sub-format FORMAT Subtitle format, accepts formats
preference, for example: "srt" or
"ass/srt/best"
--sub-lang LANGS Languages of the subtitles to download
(optional) separated by commas, use --list-
subs for available language tags
验证选项:
-u, --username USERNAME Login with this account ID
-p, --password PASSWORD Account password. If this option is left
out, youtube-dl will ask interactively.
-2, --twofactor TWOFACTOR Two-factor authentication code
-n, --netrc Use .netrc authentication data
--video-password PASSWORD Video password (vimeo, smotri, youku)
Adobe Pass选项:
--ap-mso MSO Adobe Pass multiple-system operator (TV
provider) identifier, use --ap-list-mso for
a list of available MSOs
--ap-username USERNAME Multiple-system operator account login
--ap-password PASSWORD Multiple-system operator account password.
If this option is left out, youtube-dl will
ask interactively.
--ap-list-mso List all supported multiple-system
operators
后处理选项:
-x, --extract-audio Convert video files to audio-only files
(requires ffmpeg or avconv and ffprobe or
avprobe)
--audio-format FORMAT Specify audio format: "best", "aac",
"flac", "mp3", "m4a", "opus", "vorbis", or
"wav"; "best" by default; No effect without
-x
--audio-quality QUALITY Specify ffmpeg/avconv audio quality, insert
a value between 0 (better) and 9 (worse)
for VBR or a specific bitrate like 128K
(default 5)
--recode-video FORMAT Encode the video to another format if
necessary (currently supported:
mp4|flv|ogg|webm|mkv|avi)
--postprocessor-args ARGS Give these arguments to the postprocessor
-k, --keep-video Keep the video file on disk after the post-
processing; the video is erased by default
--no-post-overwrites Do not overwrite post-processed files; the
post-processed files are overwritten by
default
--embed-subs Embed subtitles in the video (only for mp4,
webm and mkv videos)
--embed-thumbnail Embed thumbnail in the audio as cover art
--add-metadata Write metadata to the video file
--metadata-from-title FORMAT Parse additional metadata like song title /
artist from the video title. The format
syntax is the same as --output. Regular
expression with named capture groups may
also be used. The parsed parameters replace
existing values. Example: --metadata-from-
title "%(artist)s - %(title)s" matches a
title like "Coldplay - Paradise". Example
(regex): --metadata-from-title
"(?P<artist>.+?) - (?P<title>.+)"
--xattrs Write metadata to the video file's xattrs
(using dublin core and xdg standards)
--fixup POLICY Automatically correct known faults of the
file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only
emit a warning), detect_or_warn (the
default; fix file if we can, warn
otherwise)
--prefer-avconv Prefer avconv over ffmpeg for running the
postprocessors
--prefer-ffmpeg Prefer ffmpeg over avconv for running the
postprocessors (default)
--ffmpeg-location PATH Location of the ffmpeg/avconv binary;
either the path to the binary or its
containing directory.
--exec CMD Execute a command on the file after
downloading, similar to find's -exec
syntax. Example: --exec 'adb push {}
/sdcard/Music/ && rm {}'
--convert-subs FORMAT Convert the subtitles to other format
(currently supported: srt|ass|vtt|lrc)
输出模板
该-o
选项允许用户指示输出文件名的模板。
tl; dr: 导航我的例子。
下载单个文件时的基本用法是不设置任何模板参数,例如youtube-dl -o funny_video.flv "https://some/video"
。但是,它可能包含在下载每个视频时将被替换的特殊序列。可以根据python字符串格式化操作来格式化特殊序列。例如,%(NAME)s
或%(NAME)05d
。为了澄清,这是一个百分号,后跟括号中的名称,后跟格式化操作。允许的名称和序列类型是:
id
(字符串):视频标识符title
(字符串):视频标题url
(字符串):视频网址ext
(字符串):视频文件扩展名alt_title
(字符串):视频的次要标题display_id
(字符串):视频的替代标识符uploader
(字符串):视频上传者的全名license
(字符串):视频许可的许可证名称creator
(字符串):视频的创建者release_date
(字符串):视频发布时的日期(YYYYMMDD)timestamp
(数字):视频可用时的UNIX时间戳upload_date
(字符串):视频上传日期(YYYYMMDD)uploader_id
(字符串):视频上传者的昵称或IDchannel
(字符串):视频上传频道的全名channel_id
(字符串):频道的IDlocation
(字符串):拍摄视频的实际位置duration
(数字):视频的长度,以秒为单位view_count
(数字):有多少用户在平台上观看了视频like_count
(数字):视频的正评分数dislike_count
(数字):视频的负面评分数repost_count
(数字):视频的重新发布次数average_rating
(数字):用户给出的平均评分,使用的比例取决于网页comment_count
(数字):视频的评论数量age_limit
(数字):视频的年龄限制(年)is_live
(布尔值):此视频是直播视频还是固定长度视频start_time
(数字):应在URL中指定的再现应开始的时间(以秒为单位)end_time
(数字):复制应结束的时间(以秒为单位),如URL中所指定format
(字符串):格式的人类可读描述format_id
(字符串):由。指定的格式代码--format
format_note
(字符串):有关格式的其他信息width
(数字):视频的宽度height
(数字):视频的高度resolution
(字符串):宽度和高度的文字说明tbr
(数字):以KBit / s为单位的音频和视频的平均比特率abr
(数字):平均音频比特率,单位为KBit / sacodec
(字符串):正在使用的音频编解码器的名称asr
(数字):以赫兹为单位的音频采样率vbr
(数字):平均视频比特率,单位为KBit / sfps
(数字):帧速率vcodec
(字符串):正在使用的视频编解码器的名称container
(字符串):容器格式的名称filesize
(数字):字节数,如果事先知道的话filesize_approx
(数字):字节数的估计值protocol
(字符串):将用于实际下载的协议extractor
(字符串):提取器的名称extractor_key
(字符串):提取器的键名epoch
(数字):创建文件时的Unix纪元autonumber
(数字):每次下载时将增加的五位数字,从零开始playlist
(字符串):包含视频的播放列表的名称或IDplaylist_index
(数字):播放列表中的视频索引根据播放列表的总长度填充前导零playlist_id
(字符串):播放列表标识符playlist_title
(字符串):播放列表标题playlist_uploader
(字符串):播放列表上传者的全名playlist_uploader_id
(字符串):播放列表上传者的昵称或ID
适用于属于某个逻辑章节或部分的视频:
chapter
(字符串):视频所属章节的名称或标题chapter_number
(数字):视频所属章节的编号chapter_id
(字符串):视频所属章节的ID
适用于某些系列或节目的剧集视频:
series
(字符串):视频剧集所属系列或节目的标题season
(字符串):视频剧集所属季节的标题season_number
(数字):视频剧集所属的季节数season_id
(字符串):视频剧集所属季节的IDepisode
(字符串):视频剧集的标题episode_number
(数字):一季内视频集的编号episode_id
(字符串):视频集的ID
适用于作为曲目或音乐专辑的一部分的媒体:
track
(字符串):曲目的标题track_number
(数字):专辑或光盘中的曲目编号track_id
(字符串):轨道的IDartist
(字符串):曲目的艺术家genre
(字符串):曲目的流派album
(字符串):曲目所属专辑的标题album_type
(字符串):专辑的类型album_artist
(字符串):所有艺术家的名单出现在专辑中disc_number
(数字):轨道所属的光盘或其他物理介质的编号release_year
(数字):专辑发行时的年份(YYYY)
当在输出模板中引用时,每个上述序列将被对应于序列名称的实际值替换。请注意,某些序列不能保证存在,因为它们依赖于特定提取器获得的元数据。这些序列将被替换NA
。
例如,对于-o %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s
带有标题youtube-dl test video
和id 的mp4视频BaW_jenozKcj
,这将导致在youtube-dl test video-BaW_jenozKcj.mp4
当前目录中创建一个文件。
对于数字序列,您可以使用与数字相关的格式,例如,%(view_count)05d
将生成一个字符串,其中视图计数用零填充,最多5个字符,如00042
。
输出模板还可以包含任意分层路径,例如-o '%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s'
,这将导致下载与该路径模板相对应的目录中的每个视频。将自动为您创建任何缺少的目录。
要在输出模板中使用百分比文字,请使用%%
。输出到stdout使用-o -
。
当前的默认模板是%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s
。
在某些情况下,您不需要特殊字符,例如中,空格或&,例如将下载的文件名传输到Windows系统或通过8位不安全的通道传输文件名。在这些情况下,添加--restrict-filenames
标志以获得更短的标题:
输出模板和Windows批处理文件
如果您在Windows批处理文件中使用输出模板,则必须%
通过加倍来转义普通百分比字符(),这样-o "%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s"
才能成为-o "%%(title)s-%%(id)s.%%(ext)s"
。但是你不应该触摸%
不是普通字符的,例如扩展的环境变量应保持不变:-o "C:\%HOMEPATH%\Desktop\%%(title)s.%%(ext)s"
。
输出模板示例
请注意,在Windows上,您可能需要使用双引号而不是单引号。
$ youtube-dl --get-filename -o '%(title)s.%(ext)s' BaW_jenozKc youtube-dl test video ''_ä↭?.mp4 # All kinds of weird characters $ youtube-dl --get-filename -o '%(title)s.%(ext)s' BaW_jenozKc --restrict-filenames youtube-dl_test_video_.mp4 # A simple file name # Download YouTube playlist videos in separate directory indexed by video order in a playlist $ youtube-dl -o '%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s' https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re # Download all playlists of YouTube channel/user keeping each playlist in separate directory: $ youtube-dl -o '%(uploader)s/%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s' https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation/playlists # Download Udemy course keeping each chapter in separate directory under MyVideos directory in your home $ youtube-dl -u user -p password -o '~/MyVideos/%(playlist)s/%(chapter_number)s - %(chapter)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s' https://www.udemy.com/java-tutorial/ # Download entire series season keeping each series and each season in separate directory under C:/MyVideos $ youtube-dl -o "C:/MyVideos/%(series)s/%(season_number)s - %(season)s/%(episode_number)s - %(episode)s.%(ext)s" https://videomore.ru/kino_v_detalayah/5_sezon/367617 # Stream the video being downloaded to stdout $ youtube-dl -o - BaW_jenozKc
格式选择
默认情况下,youtube-dl会尝试下载最佳可用质量,即如果你想要最好的质量,你不需要传递任何特殊选项,youtube-dl 默认会为你猜测。
但有时您可能希望以不同的格式下载,例如当您处于慢速或间歇性连接时。实现这一目标的关键机制是所谓的格式选择,您可以根据该格式明确指定所需的格式,根据某些标准或标准选择格式,设置优先级等等。
格式选择的一般语法是--format FORMAT
或更短-f FORMAT
,其中FORMAT
是选择器表达式,即描述您要下载的格式或格式的表达式。
tl; dr: 导航我的例子。
最简单的情况是请求特定格式,例如,-f 22
您可以下载格式代码等于22的格式。您可以使用--list-formats
或获取特定视频的可用格式代码列表-F
。请注意,这些格式代码是特定于提取器的。
你也可以使用一个文件扩展名(目前3gp
,aac
,flv
,m4a
,mp3
,mp4
,ogg
,wav
,webm
都支持),下载特定文件扩展名担任一个单一的文件,如质量最好的格式,-f webm
将下载与最优质的格式webm
扩展名担任了单个文件。
您还可以使用特殊名称来选择特定的边缘大小写格式:
best
:选择具有视频和音频的单个文件所代表的最佳质量格式。worst
:选择具有视频和音频的单个文件所代表的最差质量格式。bestvideo
:选择最佳质量的仅视频格式(例如DASH视频)。可能无法使用。worstvideo
:选择质量最差的纯视频格式。可能无法使用。bestaudio
:选择质量最佳的音频格式。可能无法使用。worstaudio
:选择质量最差的音频格式。可能无法使用。
例如,要下载可以使用的最差质量视频格式-f worstvideo
。
如果您要下载多个视频并且它们没有相同的格式,您可以使用斜杠指定首选项顺序。请注意,斜杠是左关联的,即左侧的格式是首选,例如,-f 22/17/18
如果可用则下载格式22,否则它将下载格式17(如果可用),否则它将下载格式18(如果可用),否则它会抱怨没有合适的格式可供下载。
如果您想下载同一视频的多种格式,请使用逗号作为分隔符,例如-f 22,17,18
,如果它们可用,将下载所有这三种格式。或者更复杂的例子与优先功能相结合:-f 136/137/mp4/bestvideo,140/m4a/bestaudio
。
您还可以通过将条件放在括号中来过滤视频格式,如-f "best[height=720]"
(或-f "[filesize>10M]"
)中所示。
下面的数值元字段可以用比较使用<
,<=
,>
,>=
,=
(等于), !=
(未等于):
filesize
:字节数,如果事先知道的话width
:视频宽度(如果已知)height
:视频的高度,如果已知tbr
:以KBit / s为单位的音频和视频的平均比特率abr
:平均音频比特率(KBit / s)vbr
:平均视频比特率(KBit / s)asr
:以赫兹为单位的音频采样率fps
:帧率
还过滤比较=
(等于),^=
(开头),$=
(结束),*=
(包含)和跟随字符串元字段的工作:
ext
: 文件扩展名acodec
:正在使用的音频编解码器的名称vcodec
:正在使用的视频编解码器的名称container
:容器格式的名称protocol
:将被用于实际下载协议,小写(http
,https
,rtsp
,rtmp
,rtmpe
,mms
,f4m
,ism
,http_dash_segments
,m3u8
,或m3u8_native
)format_id
:格式的简短描述
任何字符串比较都可以以否定为前缀,!
以产生相反的比较,例如!*=
(不包含)。
注意,保证上述元字段都不存在,因为这仅取决于由特定提取器获得的元数据,即视频主机提供的元数据。
除非您?
在运算符后面添加问号(),否则将排除值未知的格式。您可以组合格式过滤器,因此-f "[height <=? 720][tbr>500]"
选择最多720p视频(或高度未知的视频),比特率至少为500 KBit / s。
您可以使用-f <video-format>+<audio-format>
(需要安装ffmpeg或avconv)-f bestvideo+bestaudio
将两种格式的视频和音频合并为一个文件,例如,将下载最佳的纯视频格式,最佳纯音频格式,并将它们与ffmpeg / avconv一起复用。
格式选择器也可以使用括号进行分组,例如,如果要下载高度低于480的最佳mp4和webm格式,则可以使用-f '(mp4,webm)[height<480]'
。
自2015年4月底和版本2015.04.26起,youtube-dl将使用-f bestvideo+bestaudio/best
默认格式选择(请参阅#5447,#5456)。如果安装了ffmpeg或avconv,则会导致下载bestvideo
和bestaudio
单独下载并将它们复合到一个文件中,从而提供最佳的整体质量。否则它会回退best
并导致下载作为单个文件提供的最佳可用质量。best
对于不是来自YouTube的视频也需要,因为它们不提供两个不同文件中的音频和视频。如果您只想下载一些DASH格式(例如,如果您对获取分辨率高于1080p的视频不感兴趣),可以添加-f bestvideo[height<=?1080]+bestaudio/best
到您的配置文件。请注意,如果您使用youtube-dl流式传输stdout
(并且最有可能将其传输到您的媒体播放器),即您明确指定输出模板为-o -
,youtube-dl仍然使用-f best
格式选择,以便立即开始向播放器传送内容而不是等到,bestvideo
并bestaudio
下载和多路复用。
如果您想保留旧的格式选择行为(在youtube-dl 2015.04.26之前),即您希望下载作为单个文件提供的最佳可用质量媒体,则应明确指定您的选择-f best
。您可能希望将其添加到配置文件中,以便每次运行youtube-dl时都不键入它。
格式选择示例
请注意,在Windows上,您可能需要使用双引号而不是单引号。
# Download best mp4 format available or any other best if no mp4 available
$ youtube-dl -f 'bestvideo[ext=mp4]+bestaudio[ext=m4a]/best[ext=mp4]/best'
# Download best format available but no better than 480p
$ youtube-dl -f 'bestvideo[height<=480]+bestaudio/best[height<=480]'
# Download best video only format but no bigger than 50 MB
$ youtube-dl -f 'best[filesize<50M]'
# Download best format available via direct link over HTTP/HTTPS protocol
$ youtube-dl -f '(bestvideo+bestaudio/best)[protocol^=http]'
# Download the best video format and the best audio format without merging them
$ youtube-dl -f 'bestvideo,bestaudio' -o '%(title)s.f%(format_id)s.%(ext)s'
请注意,在最后一个示例中,建议输出模板作为bestvideo,bestaudio可能具有相同的文件名。
视频选择
可以使用选项按照上传日期过滤视频--date
,--datebefore
或--dateafter
。他们接受两种格式的日期:
- 绝对日期:格式的日期
YYYYMMDD
。 - 相对日期:格式的日期
(now|today)[+-][0-9](day|week|month|year)(s)?
例子:
#仅下载过去6个月内上传的视频 $ youtube-dl --dateafter now-6months#仅下载1970年1月1日上传的视频 $ youtube-dl - 日期19700101 $#仅下载200x上传的视频十年 $ youtube-dl --dateafter 20000101 --datebefore 20091231
更多参考github:https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl
本文:命令行下载youtube视频, 从YouTube.com和其他视频网站下载视频, python, linux下载youtube (youtube-dl)